How can we find motivation?
Motivation is a powerful energy that drives how we work, the vigour with which we approach our job and a greater sense of purpose gleaned from what we do. Motivation is, in short, the incentive we need to wake up in the morning, get dressed and head to work.
Abraham Maslow was a psychologist, whose research in the early to mid-20th century was pivotal in our understanding of human motivation. He's commonly cited as being one of the forefathers of modern psychology, who emphasised the value of understanding the inherent positive qualities of an individual, beyond a collection of symptoms. He also famously introduced the concept of self-actualisation, shedding light on our innate need for fulfilment in life.
Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is perhaps his most well-known work and a pivotal theory of motivation. Theories of motivation are hotly contested with a variety to choose from. If you recall your Business 101 days, names such as Hertzberg (2-Factor theory), Taylor (Fordism motivation), or McGregor (X & Y theory) will likely ring a bell. While each theory provides a valuable insight into human behaviour in the workplace, Maslow’s is arguably the most well-known and continues to be applicable to workplaces in the roaring 2020s.
Indeed, the landscape of work and the office has been turned upside down, thanks to the paradigm-shift-like changes brought about by the pandemic. Refreshing ourselves about Maslow’s theory of motivation is important, as we continue to adapt and adjust workplaces, to suit the ever-changing needs posed by Covid-19.
An interesting note: the pyramid we know and love today - and usually associated with Maslow’s theory - was not actually part of his original work. The hierarchical structure of each need is less rigid; Maslow himself emphasised how his identified needs are fluid and an individual can move back and forth between each stage.
What is clear about Maslow’s hierarchy, however, is that if the basic lower-tier needs are not fulfilled, the person will struggle to move to higher levels - and can go backwards when the primary needs are threatened.
For example, during a recession according to the pyramid, an employee will default back to their stability needs when their job security is threatened. This rings true: if you’re stressed about finances, or job security, higher elements such as a sense of purpose from your role are more difficult to motivate you. We instinctively focus on each need in adjacent, ascending order.
The basic concept of Maslow’s hierarchy is that there are five critical needs that must be met, in order to experience a sense of purpose and motivation.